What happens during a building survey?
If you’re buying a property, arranging a building survey is an important step, but many buyers aren’t entirely sure what actually happens during the inspection.
Understanding the process can help you know what to expect and how the survey fits into your purchase.
The purpose of a building survey
A residential building survey is carried out to assess the condition of a property and identify any defects, risks or maintenance issues.
It provides an independent, professional opinion on the property so you can make an informed decision before proceeding with the purchase.
The inspection process
The survey itself is a detailed visual inspection of the property, both internally and externally, as far as access allows.
During the inspection, a surveyor will typically assess:
The roof structure and coverings
External walls, windows and doors
Internal walls, ceilings and floors
Signs of damp or moisture-related issues
Structural movement or cracking
Insulation and ventilation
Drainage (where visible)
General condition and maintenance
The level of detail will depend on the type of survey being carried out, but a building survey (Level 3) is the most comprehensive.
What the survey doesn’t include
It’s equally important to understand what a building survey does not cover.
A standard residential survey is non-invasive, meaning:
Floorboards are not lifted
Walls are not opened up
Services such as electrics, gas and plumbing are not tested
If further investigation is required, this will be recommended within the report.
After the inspection
Following the site visit, you’ll receive a written report detailing the findings.
This will usually include:
A description of the property and its construction
Identified defects and areas of concern
An explanation of likely causes
Advice on repairs and maintenance
Guidance on urgency (what needs attention now vs later)
The aim is to give you a clear and balanced understanding of the property’s condition.
How to use the survey
Once you receive the report, it can be used in several ways:
To decide whether to proceed with the purchase
To renegotiate the agreed price if significant issues are identified
To plan future repairs and maintenance
To seek further specialist advice if required
A good survey doesn’t just highlight problems, it helps you understand them.
Common findings
Most building surveys do not uncover major structural issues. More commonly, they identify:
General maintenance requirements
Minor defects typical for the age of the property
Issues that may need attention over time
This is a normal part of property ownership and not necessarily a reason for concern.
Final thoughts
A building survey is one of the most valuable tools available to a property buyer. It provides clarity, reduces uncertainty and helps you make informed decisions before committing.
Knowing what happens during the process ensures you can approach it with confidence and make the most of the information provided.